The cornea is the clear covering of the front of the eye which bends, or refracts, light rays as they enter the eye. Injuries, such as scratches or cuts, on the surface of the cornea are known as corneal abrasions. Due to the amount of nerve cells in the cornea, a corneal abrasion is usually painful. A corneal abrasion causes significant pain and discomfort; it is a serious condition that should be medically addressed as soon as possible.
Causes of a Corneal Abrasion
A corneal abrasion is a scrape or scratch on the clear front surface of the eye that may occur as a result of the following:
- Exposure to a foreign object
- Ultraviolet light
- Sports injury
- Violently rubbing the eyes
- Surgical injury
- Chemical irritation
- Dry eyes
A corneal abrasion may also be the result of a bacterial infection or a contact lens that fits improperly.
Symptoms of a Corneal Abrasion
Patients with a corneal abrasion often feel intense pain in the eye and may also experience the following symptoms:
- A sensation of having something in the eye
- Tearing of the eyes
- Headache
- Red eyes
- Blurry vision
- Sensitivity to bright light
Patients with a corneal abrasion may be unaware that they have the condition until symptoms begin.
Diagnosis of a Corneal Abrasion
Patients exhibiting symptoms of a corneal abrasion should be evaluated by an ophthalmologist. The eyes are examined and the following tests may be conducted:
- Fluorescein eye stain
- Examination of the eye
If something is on the cornea, the doctor can safely remove it.
Treatment of a Corneal Abrasion
Depending on the cause of the condition, a corneal abrasion may be treated with a combination of the following methods:
- Rinsing the eye
- Using artificial tears
- Over-the-counter medication
- Antibiotic eye drops
- Antibiotic ointment
- Patching of the affected eye
Pain medication or eye drops to reduce muscle spasms may be prescribed. It is important for patients with a corneal abrasion to avoid touching or rubbing their eyes. In most cases, a corneal abrasion can be effectively treated with no permanent complications and typically heals within a matter of days. Depending on the severity of the corneal abrasion, a corneal transplantation may be recommended.
While not all corneal abrasions can be avoided, the risk of occurrence may be reduced by using protective eye wear when engaging in activities that may cause foreign matter to blow into the eye.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) – Corneal Abrasion
1. What is a corneal abrasion?
A corneal abrasion is a scratch or injury to the cornea, the clear, protective outer layer of the eye. It can occur due to trauma, irritation, or foreign objects like dust or contact lenses. Corneal abrasions can be painful and may affect vision temporarily.
2. What causes a corneal abrasion?
Common causes of corneal abrasions include:
- Trauma or injury (e.g., rubbing the eye too hard or being hit in the eye)
- Foreign objects in the eye (e.g., dust, sand, or eyelashes)
- Contact lenses (especially if they are worn for too long or improperly)
- Chemical exposure or irritants
- Eye infections or inflammation
- Scratches from fingernails or makeup brushes
3. What are the symptoms of a corneal abrasion?
The symptoms of a corneal abrasion can vary, but common signs include:
- Eye pain or a sensation of something being in the eye
- Redness in the eye
- Blurry or distorted vision
- Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
- Excessive tearing or watering of the eye
- A feeling of irritation or scratchiness
- Difficulty opening the eye or squinting
4. How is a corneal abrasion diagnosed?
A corneal abrasion is typically diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam by an eye care professional. The doctor may use a special dye called fluorescein, which highlights the abrasion under a blue light, making it easier to see the extent of the injury.
5. How is a corneal abrasion treated?
Treatment for a corneal abrasion depends on its severity, but may include:
- Antibiotic eye drops or ointment to prevent infection
- Pain relief such as over-the-counter pain relievers or prescription pain drops
- Artificial tears to keep the eye lubricated and aid in healing
- Patching the eye in some cases to help with healing and reduce irritation
- Avoiding contact lenses until the abrasion has healed
